tkinter Graphical Interface Learning Based on Python

Catalog 1. Basic Content 2. Gradient Window and Timer 3. Simple Layout Label Text Box Buttons 3.1 Layout 3.2 Layout 4. Celsius Fahrenheit 5. Random pop-up numbers (random roll call, lottery) 6. Several rows and columns 5 sub-chess canvas

1. Basic content

import tkinter as tk
from PIL import Image,ImageTk

def my():
        pwin.destroy()
        win.deiconify()


win = tk.Tk()
#win.geometry('320x240+100+50') # Long 320 Width 240  Right 100 , under 50
win['width']=320   # Can be used win.keys() See what can be written like this 
win['height']=240 
win.title('tkinter Graphical thematic learning ')

#win.iconbitmap('my.ico')
img=ImageTk.PhotoImage(image=Image.open('1.gif','r'))
win.iconphoto(False,img)
#win.withdraw()# Temporary withdrawal 
#win.deiconify()# Recovery 
#win.iconify()# Minimize 
#win.destroy()# Turn off 
#help(win.state)
"""
win.state('iconic')
win.state('normal')
win.state('zommed')
win.state('zoomed')
win.state('withdraw')
"""
#win.attributes('-alpha',0.5) # Setting Transparency 
#win.attributes('-toolwindow',1)# There is no Maximize Minimize button 
#win.attributes('-toolwindow',0)# Regular window 
#win.attributes('-topmost',1) # Set top 

win.withdraw()  # Hide the original window 
pwin=tk.Toplevel(win)  # New pop-up window 
pwin.title(' Pop-up window ')
pwin.protocol('WM_DELETE_WINDOW',my)


win.mainloop()

2. Gradient window and timer

# Timer 
import tkinter as tk
import time

def my():
    global x
    if x >1:
        return
    win.title(' Timer: {:.2f}'.format(x))
    win.attributes('-alpha', x)
    x += 0.01
    
    win.after(200,my) #100ms
    
win = tk.Tk()
win.title(" Timer ")
win['bg']= 'lightblue'  # Use win.keys() View 
win.geometry('300x300')
win.resizable(0,0) # Immutable window size 

x = 0.01
win.attributes('-alpha', x)
win.after(200,my)

win.mainloop()

3. Simple layout label text box button

3.1 Layout

import tkinter as tk
win=tk.Tk()
win.title(" Layout ")
win.geometry('320x240')
#win.resizable(0,0)
# Definition 
lbl=tk.Label(win,text=" Please enter ")
txt=tk.Entry(win)
btn=tk.Button(win,text=" Determine ")
# Layout   Method 1pack Packed placement   Method 2grid Tabular placement   Method 3place Place arbitrarily 
"""
lbl.pack(side='left' ,padx=(10,0))
txt.pack(side='left')   #txt.pack_info() View pack Parameters of 
btn.pack(side='left', padx='10')
"""
"""
lbl.grid(row=0,column=0,padx=(50,10),pady=10) #lbl.grid_info() View grid Parameters of 
txt.grid(row=0,column=1)
btn.grid(row=1,column=0,columnspan=2,padx=(50,0),pady=10, sticky='we')
"""
lbl.place(relx=0.1,rely=0.2)
txt.place(relx=0.3,rely=0.15)
btn.place(relx=0.5,rely=0.25)
#win.mainloop()

3.2 Layout

import tkinter as tk
# Build a window 
win=tk.Tk()
win.title(' Layout ')
# Building components 
frm=tk.Frame(win) # Framework 
# Definition 
lbl=tk.Label(frm,text=' Please enter ')
txt=tk.Entry(frm)
btn=tk.Button(win,text=' Determine ')

# Layout 
lbl.pack(side='left', padx=10, pady=10)
txt.pack(side='left', padx=10, pady=10)
frm.pack()
btn.pack(fill='x')


win.mainloop()

4. Celsius Fahrenheit

import tkinter as tk
def myfun(e):
#def myfun():
    try:
        a=int(entry1.get())
        b=int(entry2.get())
        lbx.delete(0,'end')
        for i in range(a,b+1):
            f=i*9/5+32
            lbx.insert('end','    {}           {}'.format(i,f))
    except:
        pass


win=tk.Tk()
win.title(' Temperature conversion ')
win.resizable(0,0) # Size cannot be changed 
label1 = tk.Label(win, text=' Please enter the 1 Integer ')
label2 = tk.Label(win, text=' Please enter the 2 Integer ')
label3 = tk.Label(win, text=' Celsius temperature     Fahrenheit temperature ')
entry1 = tk.Entry(win)
entry2 = tk.Entry(win)
entry1.insert(0, '10')
entry2.insert(0, '15')
#btn=tk.Button(win, text=' Determine ',command=myfun)
btn=tk.Label(win, text=' Determine ',# Put label Become a button 
             relief='groove')  # Embossed 
btn.bind('<Button-1>', myfun) # Use bing Binding   You must give the function parameter  
lbx=tk.Listbox(win)

# Scroll bar 
scr=tk.Scrollbar(win)
scr['command']=lbx.yview
lbx['yscrollcommand']=scr.set

label1.grid(row=1, column=0)
label2.grid(row=2, column=0)
label3.grid(row=0, column=2)

entry1.grid(row=1, column=1)
entry2.grid(row=2, column=1)
btn.grid(row=3, column=1, sticky="ew")
lbx.grid(row=1, column=2, rowspan=3, padx=10, pady=10)
scr.grid(row=1, column=3, rowspan=3, sticky='ns')
#btn.key() Find the parameters you can set   Or btn.config()

win.mainloop()

5. Random pop-up numbers (random roll call, lucky draw)

import tkinter as tk
import random
def myfun():
    lst=list(range(100))
    name=random.choice(lst)
    lbl['text']=name
    win.after(500,myfun)

win=tk.Tk()
win.title(' Lottery procedure ')

lbl=tk.Label(win,text='***', width=6,font='-size 48')
btn=tk.Button(win,text=' Begin ', font='-size 36', command=myfun)

lbl.grid(row=0,column=0,padx=10,pady=10)
btn.grid(row=0,column=1,padx=10,pady=10)


#win.mainloop()

6. A few rows and columns of 5 chess canvases

import tkinter as tk

win=tk.Tk()
win.title('5 Sub-chess ')
win.geometry('800x600+64+32')
win.resizable(0,0)

# Build a canvas 
cav=tk.Canvas(win, width=600,height=600, bg='yellow')
rfm=tk.Frame(win,width=200,height=600, bg='lightyellow')
cav.pack(side='left')
rfm.pack(side='right')

# Draw a line 
for i in range(1,20):
    x1, y1, x2, y2=30, i*30,19*30,i*30
    cav.create_line(x1,y1,x2,y2)
    cav.create_line(y1,x1,y2,x2)