python Realizes Automatic Script Writing
- 2021-11-10 10:27:50
- OfStack
This paper takes the modification of user name and password unit as an example, and writes a test script. Complete the unit test of modifying username and password module.
(ps. The login password in this demo is "admin")
1. Open a browser and access p. to
# 1. Open a browser and access p.to
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
def openDriver():
driver.get("http://p.to")
driver.maximize_window()
Step 2: Log in
The parameter passed in by login action is only 1 "User Password"
There are two actions to perform: 1. Enter the password into the input box 2. Click OK
It should be noted that when logging in, our program may start filling out the form before the page is loaded.
To prevent exceptions, functions waitandSendkeys and waitandClick are written to handle exceptions. (Exception handlers are described later.)
class loginClass(object):
"""docstring for login"""
def __init__(self, arg):
self.login_pwd = arg
def login(self):
waitandSendkeys('//*[@id="Pwd"]', self.login_pwd)
waitandClick('//*[@id="Save"]')
3. Change the administrator password
There are two parameters that need to be passed in: 1. Old password 2. New password
It should be noted that there is a pop-up window for modifying the administrator password, so it is necessary to judge and wait for the pop-up window to pop up before operating
class changePwdClass(object):
"""docstring for changePwdClass"""
def __init__(self, pwdNew, pwdOld):
self.pwdNew = pwdNew
self.pwdOld = pwdOld
def changeUserPwd(self):
waitandClick('//*[@id="Con"]/div[1]/ul[2]/li[1]')
waitandClick('//*[@id="Con"]/div[1]/ul[2]/li[1]/ul/li[3]')
waitforDisplay('//*[@id="_Widget"]')
waitandSendkeys('//*[@id="PwdOld"]', self.pwdOld)
waitandSendkeys('//*[@id="PwdNew"]', self.pwdNew)
waitandSendkeys('//*[@id="PwdCfm"]', self.pwdNew)
waitandClick('//*[@id="SavePwd"]')
Here, we can complete the action of modifying the user name and password. Unit testing will be performed later.
4. Unit test data
The anti-foolish rules for modifying the user name and password function are as follows:
| 输入项 | 允许输入 | 可为空 | 格式规范 | 合法性 | 依赖项 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 原管理员密码 | 是 | 否 | 字符串 | 长度限制:5-63; 字符集:英文字符集; | 需要与管理员密码相同 |
| 新管理员密码 | 是 | 否 | 字符串 | 长度限制:5-63; 字符集:英文字符集; | |
| 确认管理员密码 | 是 | 否 | 字符串 | 需要与新管理员密码相同 |
According to the anti-foolish rules, you can list: 1. Possible errors 2. Prompts that the page should have when errors occur
# Possible errors
errcode = ['oldPwdErr', 'lenErr', 'charErr', 'matchErr', 'pwdSameErr',\
'oldPwdBlankErr', 'newPwdBlankErr']
# Prompt that the page should have when an error occurs
errTips = {
'oldPwdErr' :' Original password error ',
'lenErr' : ' The length of the new password should be 5~63 Bit ',
'charErr' : " The new password contains illegal characters ",
'matchErr' : ' Enter the password twice. No 1 To ',
'pwdSameErr' : ' The new password is the same as the original password, please re-enter it ',
'oldPwdBlankErr' : ' Please enter the original password ',
'newPwdBlankErr' : ' Please enter a new password '
}
5. Check the validity of the data entered
The data to be entered are the data to be checked and the login password
def checkData(data, loginPwd):# Check in the same order as the page order
pwd = loginPwd
#'oldPwdBlankErr'
if data['pwdOld'] == "":
return errcode[5]
#newPwdBlankErr
if data['pwdNew'] == "":
return errcode[6]
#charErr
strTmp = data['pwdNew']
for x in xrange(0,len(data['pwdNew'])):
if ord(strTmp[x]) < 33 or ord(strTmp[x]) > 127:#ASCII Representation range :32-127
return errcode[2]
#lenErr
if len(data['pwdNew']) > 63 or len(data['pwdNew']) < 5:
return errcode[1]
#oldPwdErr
if pwd != loginData.login_data['login_pwd']:
return errcode[0]
#pwdSameErr
if data['pwdNew'] == pwd:
return errcode[4]
#no error
return None
6. Get the page prompt after entering the wrong data
def checkResponse(error):
if error == None:
return
webText = getText('//*[@id="PwdTip"]')
if webText == False:# No hint
print('###Error: no tips on web!')
else:
webText = webText.decode('UTF-8')
waitandClick('//*[@id="ModifyPwd"]/i')
time.sleep(1)
return webText
7. Write test cases
data = [
{"pwdNew" : "12345678","pwdOld" : '8dadla'},#"oldPwdErr"
{"pwdNew" : "admi","pwdOld" : 'admin'},#lenErr
{'pwdNew' : '1 2 3','pwdOld' : 'admin'},#charErr
{'pwdNew' : 'admin','pwdOld' : 'admin'},#pwdSameErr
{'pwdNew' : "",'pwdOld' : ""},#oldPwdBlank
{'pwdNew' : "",'pwdOld' : "admin"}#newPwdBlank
]
8. Write unit test classes
8.1 Common Actions in Unit Testing
In a unit test, the different parts should be data, so you can define a common operation.
Among them, self. assertEqual (checkResponse (error) and errTips [error]) are the conditions for judging whether the test passes: whether the page prompt is correct.
def commonAction(self, arg):
error = checkData(arg)
changeUserPwd.main(arg)
self.assertEqual(checkResponse(error), errTips[error])
8.2 Test classes
The test class mainly includes 6 test cases and corresponding test functions beginning with "test".
This inherits unittest from python.
For the syntax of unittest, please refer to://www.ofstack.com/article/65856. htm
class TestCase(unittest.TestCase):
data = [
{"pwdNew" : "12345678","pwdOld" : '8dadla'},#"oldPwdErr"
{"pwdNew" : "admi","pwdOld" : '*'},#lenErr
{'pwdNew' : '1 2 3','pwdOld' : '*'},#charErr
{'pwdNew' : 'admin','pwdOld' : '*'},#pwdSameErr
{'pwdNew' : "",'pwdOld' : ""},#oldPwdBlank
{'pwdNew' : "",'pwdOld' : "*"}#newPwdBlank
]
def commonAction(self, arg):
error = checkData(arg)
changeUserPwd.main(arg)
self.assertEqual(checkResponse(error), errTips[error])
def test_oldPwdErr(self):
self.commonAction(self.data[0])
def test_lenErr(self):
self.commonAction(self.data[1])
def test_charErr(self):
self.commonAction(self.data[2])
def test_pwdSameErr(self):
self.commonAction(self.data[3])
def test_oldPwdBlank(self):
self.commonAction(self.data[4])
def test_newPwdBlank(self):
self.commonAction(self.data[5])
9. Unit Test and Generate Test Reports
Here, HTMLTestRunner is used to generate test reports.
For the syntax of HTMLTestRunner, see: https://testerhome.com/topics/7576
The resulting test report will be stored in the reports/test_report folder, named by time. The title of the test report is called "Modifying Administrator Password Trial Report"
unittest.main(testRunner=HtmlTestRunner.HTMLTestRunner(output='test_report',report_title=' Trial report on modifying administrator password '))
10. Close the browser
class loginClass(object):
"""docstring for login"""
def __init__(self, arg):
self.login_pwd = arg
def login(self):
waitandSendkeys('//*[@id="Pwd"]', self.login_pwd)
waitandClick('//*[@id="Save"]')
At this point, we can complete the unit test of modifying the username and password module. In order to increase the robustness of the code, the following introduces exception handling.
11. Exception handling
11.1 Click function
An anomaly that may occur when clicking a button is that the clicking action may occur before the page element is loaded. This throws an element not found exception.
The solution is to check whether the page element is loaded once every 10ms by displaying wait, and click after completion, otherwise, wait until the timeout to end the action.
class loginClass(object):
"""docstring for login"""
def __init__(self, arg):
self.login_pwd = arg
def login(self):
waitandSendkeys('//*[@id="Pwd"]', self.login_pwd)
waitandClick('//*[@id="Save"]')
11.2 Fill out the form
When filling out the form, in addition to the exception that the page element has not been loaded, it is also possible that there is text in the original form, and our input is filled in append mode. This will lead to inaccurate text.
class loginClass(object):
"""docstring for login"""
def __init__(self, arg):
self.login_pwd = arg
def login(self):
waitandSendkeys('//*[@id="Pwd"]', self.login_pwd)
waitandClick('//*[@id="Save"]')
11.3 Element Loading
Possible occurrences in element loading: 1. Element not loaded within timeout 2. Query element does not exist at all
Exception handling for these two situations:
def waitforDisplay(xpath):
try:
WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.XPATH, xpath)))
except TimeoutException as e:
print('Error:waitforDisplay, TimeoutException, xpath = %s\n' % xpath)
else:
try:
process = driver.find_element_by_xpath(xpath)
WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(lambda driver: process.is_displayed())
except NoSuchElementException as e:
print('Error:waitforDisplay, NoSuchElementException, xpath = %s\n' % xpath)
12. Complete test code
class loginClass(object):
"""docstring for login"""
def __init__(self, arg):
self.login_pwd = arg
def login(self):
waitandSendkeys('//*[@id="Pwd"]', self.login_pwd)
waitandClick('//*[@id="Save"]')
For the complete demo, please refer to: https://github.com/niununu/k2p_web_test