How to operate MongoDB database with python
- 2021-10-27 08:06:03
- OfStack
2. Operate MongoDB
1. Install pymongo
2. Connect MongoDB
3. Select the database
4. Select the set
5. Insert data
6. Inquiry
7. Update the data
8. Delete
1. Preface
MongoDB belongs to NoSQL (non-relational database), which is an open source database system based on distributed file storage.
2. Operate MongoDB
1. Install pymongo
python uses the third-party library to connect and operate MongoDB, so we install this library first.
pip3 install pymongodb
2. Connect MongoDB
Using the MongoClient class connection, the following two parameter methods can be used:
from pymongo import MongoClient
# Connection mode 1
client = MongoClient(host='localhost',port=27017)
# Connection mode 2
# client = MongoClient('mongodb://localhost:27017/')
3. Select the database
MongoDB can create many db, just specify the db we need
# Mode 1
db = client.Monitor
# Mode 2
# db = client['Monitor']
4. Select the set
db contains many collections, somewhat like tables in relational databases such as mysql
# Mode 1
collection = db.test
# Mode 2
# collection = db['test']
5. Insert data
Insert one piece of data, and each record in MongoDB has one only one identity. Returns 1 InsertOneResult object. If you need to get only 1 ID, you can find the attribute inserted_id of InsertOneResult object
from pymongo import MongoClient
class mongodb:
def __init__(self,host,db,port = 27017):
'''
:param host: str mongodb Address
:param db: str Database
:param port: int Port, default to 27017
'''
host = host
db = db
self.port = port
client = MongoClient(host=host,port=port)
self.db = client[db]
def insert_one(self,table,dic):
'''
:param table: str Collections in a database
:param dic: dict Dictionary to insert
:return: Return 1 Contains ObjectId Objects of type
'''
collection = self.db[table]
rep = collection.insert_one(dic)
return repif __name__=='__main__':
dic = {' Name ':' Xiao Ming ','English':100,'math':90}
db = mongodb(host='localhost',db = 'test')
rep = db.insert_one('test',dic)
print(rep.inserted_id)Insert multiple pieces of data, batch insert using insert_many
from pymongo import MongoClient
class mongodb:
def __init__(self,host,db,port = 27017):
'''
:param host: str mongodb Address
:param db: str Database
:param port: int Port, default to 27017
'''
host = host
db = db
self.port = port
client = MongoClient(host=host,port=port)
self.db = client[db]
def insert_one(self,table,dic):
'''
:param table: str Collections in a database
:param dic: dict Dictionary to insert
:return: Returns the containing 1 A ObjectId Objects of type
'''
collection = self.db[table]
rep = collection.insert_one(dic)
return rep
def insert_many(self,table,lists):
'''
:param table: str Collections in a database
:param dic: dict The list to insert, the element in the list is a dictionary
:return: Returns a file containing more than one ObjectId List object of type
'''
collection = self.db[table]
rep = collection.insert_many(lists)
return rep
if __name__=='__main__':
lists = [{' Name ':' Xiao Ming ','English':100,'math':90},
{' Name ':' Xiaohua ','English':90,'math':100}]
db = mongodb(host='localhost',db = 'test')
rep = db.insert_many('test',lists)
for i in rep.inserted_ids:
print(i)
6. Inquiry
1) General query
find_one: Query a single record and return a dictionary. find: Query multiple records and return 1 cursor object.
from pymongo import MongoClient
class mongodb:
def __init__(self,host,db,port = 27017):
'''
:param host: str mongodb Address
:param db: str Database
:param port: int Port, default to 27017
'''
host = host
db = db
self.port = port
client = MongoClient(host=host,port=port)
self.db = client[db]
def find_one(self,table,dic):
'''
:param table: str Collections in a database
:param dic: dict Query criteria
:return: dict Returns a dictionary for a single record
'''
collection = self.db[table]
rep = collection.find_one(dic)
return rep
def find(self,table,dic):
'''
:param table: str Collections in a database
:param dic: dict Query criteria
:return: list Returns a list of queried records
'''
collection = self.db[table]
rep = list(collection.find(dic))
return rep
if __name__=='__main__':
# Query English The result is 100 All records of
dic = {'English':100}
db = mongodb(host='localhost',db = 'test')
rep = db.insert_many('test',dic)
print(rep)2) Scope query
Sometimes we need range comparison queries, for example, to query English scores of 80 ~ 90, we can use the comparison symbol: dic = {'English': {'$in': [80, 90]}}
$lt: Less than $lte: Less than or equal to $gt: Greater than $gte: Greater than or equal to $ne: Not equal to $in: In range $nin: Out of range3) Counting
Call the count () method directly and return 1 number of type int
# The count query only needs to be added after the ordinary query count() You can
count = collection.find().count()
# count = collection.find({'English':{'$gt':90}}).count()4) Sort
When sorting, call sort () method directly, and pass in the sorted field and ascending and descending order flag, and return 1 cursor object
# Positive order ASCENDING Reverse order DESCENDING . list() Convert cursor objects to lists
data = list(collection.find(dic).sort(' Name ',pymongo.DESCENDING))
7. Update the data
It is preferred to find the data to be updated, and then update the data to return 1 UpdataResult object, and the raw_result attribute contains the number of update effective.
update_one: Update the first data queried update_many: Update multiple pieces of data
from pymongo import MongoClient
class mongodb:
def __init__(self,host,db,port = 27017):
'''
:param host: str mongodb Address
:param db: str Database
:param port: int Port, default to 27017
'''
host = host
db = db
self.port = port
client = MongoClient(host=host,port=port)
self.db = client[db]
def update_one(self,table,condition,dic):
'''
:param table: str Collections in a database
:param condition: dict Query criteria
:param dic: dict Updated data
:return: Return UpdateResult Object
'''
collection = self.db[table]
# $set Indicates that only updates dic Fields existing in the dictionary
rep = collection.update_one(condition,{'$set':dic})
# Will use all the previous data dic Dictionary replacement, if there are other fields, they will be deleted
# rep = collection.update_one(condition, dic)
return rep
def update_many(self,table,condition,dic):
'''
:param table: str Collections in a database
:param condition: dict Query criteria
:param dic: dict Updated data
:return: Return UpdateResult Object
'''
collection = self.db[table]
# $set Indicates that only updates dic Fields existing in the dictionary
rep = collection.update_many(condition,{'$set':dic})
# Will use all the previous data dic Dictionary replacement, if there are other fields, they will be deleted
# rep = collection.update_many(condition, dic)
return rep
if __name__=='__main__':
condition = {'English':80}
dic = {'English':60}
db = mongodb(host='mongodb-monitor.monitor.svc.test.local',db = 'test')
rep = db.update_one('test',condition,dic)
print(rep.raw_result)
# Output {'n': 1, 'nModified': 1, 'ok': 1.0, 'updatedExisting': True}
8. Delete
Deletion is similar to update. After deleting data, 1 DeleteResult object is returned, and the number of delete is contained in the raw_result attribute
delete_one: Delete the first item of data queried delete_many: Batch Delete Data Matching Query Criteria
from pymongo import MongoClient
class mongodb:
def __init__(self,host,db,port = 27017):
'''
:param host: str mongodb Address
:param db: str Database
:param port: int Port, default to 27017
'''
host = host
db = db
self.port = port
client = MongoClient(host=host,port=port)
self.db = client[db]
def delete_one(self,table,dic):
'''
:param table: str Collections in a database
:param dic: dict Query criteria
:return: Return DeleteResult Object
'''
collection = self.db[table]
rep = collection.delete_one(dic)
return rep
def delete_many(self,table,dic):
'''
:param table: str Collections in a database
:param dic: dict Query criteria
:return: Return DeleteResult Object
'''
collection = self.db[table]
rep = collection.delete_many(dic)
return rep
if __name__=='__main__':
dic = {'English':60}
db = mongodb(host='localhost',db = 'test')
rep = db.delete_many('test',dic)
print(rep.raw_result)
# Output {'n': 21, 'ok': 1.0}The above is how to use python operation MongoDB database details, more about python operation MongoDB database information please pay attention to other related articles on this site!