Detailed explanation of Selenium element positioning and WebDriver common methods
- 2021-08-12 03:03:41
- OfStack
1. 8 Ways to Position Elements
1. Method introduction
| 定位1个元素 | 定位多个元素 | 含义 |
|---|---|---|
| find_element_by_id() | find_elements_by_id() | 通过元素id定位 |
| find_element_by_name() | find_elements_by_name() | 通过元素name定位 |
| find_element_by_xpath() | find_elements_by_xpath() | 通过xpath表达式定位 |
| find_element_by_link_text() | find_elements_by_link_text() | 通过完整超链接定位 |
| find_element_by_partial_link_text() | find_elements_by_partial_link_text() | 通过部分链接定位 |
| find_element_by_tag_name() | find_elements_by_tag_name() | 通过标签定位 |
| find_element_by_class_name() | find_elements_by_class_name() | 通过类名进行定位 |
| find_elements_by_css_selector() | find_elements_by_css_selector() |
2. Example demonstration
from selenium import webdriver
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.get('https://www.baidu.com/')
# Through elements id Positioning ()
driver.find_element_by_id('kw')
# Through elements name Positioning
driver.find_element_by_name('wd')
# Locate by class name
driver.find_element_by_class_name('s_ipt')
# Locate by label
driver.find_element_by_tag_name('input')
# Pass xpath Expression positioning
driver.find_element_by_xpath('//*[@id="kw"]')
# Pass css Selector for positioning
driver.find_element_by_css_selector('#kw')
# Locate through full hyperlinks
driver.find_element_by_link_text(' News ')
# Locate through partial links
driver.find_element_by_partial_link_text('hao')
driver.quit()# Close all tabs
The positioning of xpaht and css is complicated, please refer to:
XPath acquisition method
XPath Syntax
CSS selector syntax
2. Common methods of WebDriver (used in conjunction with positioning methods)
1. Click and Enter
clear (): Clear text, mostly for input boxes send_keys (): Analog key input, mostly for input boxes click (): Click on an element for a wide range of uses
For more mouse and keyboard events, please refer to:
Python crawler-Selenium (5) mouse event
Python Crawler-Selenium (6) Keyboard Events
from selenium import webdriver
import time
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.get('https://www.baidu.com/')
driver.find_element_by_id("kw").clear()
driver.find_element_by_id("kw").send_keys(" Miscellaneous Notes on Cheng Xuyuan ")
driver.find_element_by_id("su").click()
time.sleep(5)
driver.quit() # Close all tabs
3. Submit
submit (): Used to submit forms, equivalent to carriage return, and far less widely used than click ()
from selenium import webdriver
import time
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.get('https://www.baidu.com/')
driver_id = driver.find_element_by_id("kw")
driver_id.send_keys(" Miscellaneous Notes on Cheng Xuyuan ")
driver_id.submit()
time.sleep(5)
driver.quit() # Close all tabs
STEP 4 Get something
title: Get the title of the current page current_url: The user gets the URL of the current page size: Get the size of the element text: Get the text of the element get_attribute (): Get the property value is_displayed (): Is the element user visible
from selenium import webdriver
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.get('https://www.baidu.com/')
# Object for the current page title
title = driver.title
print(title)
# Object for the current page url
url = driver.current_url
print(url)
# Get the size of the input box
input_size = driver.find_element_by_id('kw').size
print(input_size)
# Return to the bottom of Baidu page for filing information
text = driver.find_element_by_id("cp").text
print(text)
# Returns the attribute value of the element, It can be id , name , type Or any other property
attribute = driver.find_element_by_id("kw").get_attribute('type')
print(attribute)
# Returns whether the result of the element is visible, The result returned is True Or False
result = driver.find_element_by_id("kw").is_displayed()
print(result)
driver.quit() # Close all tabs
Selenium Collection Portal:
| 标题 | 简介 |
|---|---|
| Python爬虫 - Selenium（1）安装和简单使用 | 详细介绍Selenium的依赖环境在Windows和Centos7上的安装及简单使用 |
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| Python爬虫 - Selenium（4）配置启动项参数 | 详细介绍Selenium启动项参数的配置，其中包括无界面模式、浏览器窗口大小设置、浏览器User-Agent (请求头)等等 |
| Python爬虫 - Selenium（5）鼠标事件 | 详细介绍鼠标右击、双击、拖动、鼠标悬停等方法的使用 |
| Python爬虫 - Selenium（6）键盘事件 | 详细介绍键盘的操作，几乎包含所有常用按键以及组合键 |
| Python爬虫 - Selenium（7）多窗口切换 | 详细介绍Selenium是如何实现在不同的窗口之间自由切换 |
| Python爬虫 - Selenium（8）frame/iframe表单嵌套页面 | 详细介绍如何从当前定位的主体切换为frame/iframe表单的内嵌页面中 |
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| Python爬虫 - Selenium（10）下拉框处理 | 详细介绍如何灵活的定位并处理下拉框 |
| Python爬虫 - Selenium（11）文件上传 | 详细介绍如何优雅的通过send_keys()指定文件进行上传 |
| Python爬虫 - Selenium（12）获取登录Cookies，并添加Cookies自动登录 | 详细介绍如何获取Cookies和使用Cookies进行自动登录 |
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| Python爬虫 - Selenium（14）窗口截图 | 详细介绍如何使用窗口截图 |
| Python爬虫 - Selenium（15）关闭浏览器 | 详细介绍两种关闭窗口的区别 |