Play with python selenium mouse and keyboard (ActionChains)

When automating with selenium, you sometimes encounter situations where you need to simulate mouse operations, such as clicking, double-clicking, right-clicking, drag-and-drop, and so on. selenium gives us a class to handle such events -- ActionChains

selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains.ActionChains(driver)

This class basically meets all of our mouse needs.

1. Basic usage of ActionChains

First of all, you need to understand how ActionChains works. When you call ActionChains's method, it will not be executed immediately, but all the operations will be stored in a queue in order. When you call perform's method, the time in the queue will be executed in sequence.

In this case we can have two call methods:  

The & # 8226; The chain of writing

menu = driver.find_element_by_css_selector(".nav")
hidden_submenu = driver.find_element_by_css_selector(".nav #submenu1")

ActionChains(driver).move_to_element(menu).click(hidden_submenu).perform()

  & # 8226; Step by step written

menu = driver.find_element_by_css_selector(".nav")
hidden_submenu = driver.find_element_by_css_selector(".nav #submenu1")

actions = ActionChains(driver)
actions.move_to_element(menu)
actions.click(hidden_submenu)
actions.perform()

Either way,   is essentially the same. ActionChains does everything in order.

2. List of ActionChains methods

click(on_element=None) -- click the left mouse button

click_and_hold(on_element=None) -- click the left mouse button and do not release it

context_click(on_element=None) -- right click

double_click(on_element=None) -- double-click the left mouse button

drag_and_drop(source, target) -- drag to an element and release

drag_and_drop_by_offset(source, xoffset, yoffset) -- drag to a coordinate and release

key_down(value, element=None) -- press a key on a keyboard

key_up(value, element=None) -- release a key

move_by_offset(xoffset, yoffset) -- moves the mouse from its current position to a coordinate

move_to_element(to_element) -- move the mouse over an element

move_to_element_with_offset(to_element, xoffset, yoffset) -- move to the distance from an element (upper-left coordinate)

perform() -- execute all actions in the chain

release(on_element=None) -- release the left mouse button at an element location

send_keys(*keys_to_send) -- sends a key to the element in the current focus

send_keys_to_element(element, *keys_to_send) -- sends a key to the specified element

Use the following examples to detail and demonstrate the use of each method:

3. Code examples

1. Click to operate

http sample url: / / sahitest com/demo/clicks htm

Code:

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains import ActionChains
from time import sleep


driver = webdriver.Firefox()
driver.implicitly_wait(10)
driver.maximize_window()
driver.get('http://sahitest.com/demo/clicks.htm')

click_btn = driver.find_element_by_xpath('//input[@value="click me"]') #  Click the button 
doubleclick_btn = driver.find_element_by_xpath('//input[@value="dbl click me"]') #  Double click on the button 
rightclick_btn = driver.find_element_by_xpath('//input[@value="right click me"]') #  Right-click the button 


ActionChains(driver).click(click_btn).double_click(doubleclick_btn).context_click(rightclick_btn).perform() #  Chain usage 

print driver.find_element_by_name('t2').get_attribute('value')

sleep(2)
driver.quit()

Results:

[CLICK][DOUBLE_CLICK][RIGHT_CLICK]

2. Mouse movement

http sample url: / / sahitest com/demo/mouseover htm

Sample code:

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains import ActionChains
from time import sleep

driver = webdriver.Firefox()
driver.implicitly_wait(10)
driver.maximize_window()
driver.get('http://sahitest.com/demo/mouseover.htm')

write = driver.find_element_by_xpath('//input[@value="Write on hover"]') #  Mouse over this element, below input The box will say" Mouse moved " 
blank = driver.find_element_by_xpath('//input[@value="Blank on hover"]') #  Moving the mouse over this element empties the bottom input What's in the box 

result = driver.find_element_by_name('t1')

action = ActionChains(driver)
action.move_to_element(write).perform() #  Move to the write That" Mouse moved " 
print result.get_attribute('value')

# action.move_to_element(blank).perform()
action.move_by_offset(10, 50).perform() #  Move to current distance (10,50) The point, as in the previous sentence, is moved to blank The empty 
print result.get_attribute('value')

action.move_to_element_with_offset(blank, 10, -40).perform() #  Move to distance blank The element (10,-40) It can be moved to write on 
print result.get_attribute('value')

sleep(2)
driver.quit()

The results of

Mouse moved

Mouse moved

3. Drag and drop

http sample url: / / sahitest com/demo/dragDropMooTools htm

Code:

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains import ActionChains
from time import sleep

driver = webdriver.Firefox()
driver.implicitly_wait(10)
driver.maximize_window()
driver.get('http://sahitest.com/demo/dragDropMooTools.htm')

dragger = driver.find_element_by_id('dragger') #  Dragged element 
item1 = driver.find_element_by_xpath('//div[text()="Item 1"]') #  The target element 1
item2 = driver.find_element_by_xpath('//div[text()="Item 2"]') #  The target 2
item3 = driver.find_element_by_xpath('//div[text()="Item 3"]') #  The target 3
item4 = driver.find_element_by_xpath('//div[text()="Item 4"]') #  The target 4

action = ActionChains(driver)
action.drag_and_drop(dragger, item1).perform() # 1. mobile dragger To the target 1
sleep(2)
action.click_and_hold(dragger).release(item2).perform() # 2. The effect is the same as the above sentence, also can have the mobile effect 
sleep(2)
action.click_and_hold(dragger).move_to_element(item3).release().perform() # 3. The effect is the same as the above two sentences, but also can move the effect 
sleep(2)
# action.drag_and_drop_by_offset(dragger, 400, 150).perform() # 4. Move to specified coordinates 
action.click_and_hold(dragger).move_by_offset(400, 150).release().perform() # 5. And on the 1 Same sentence, move to the specified coordinates 
sleep(2)
driver.quit()

Results:

dropped dropped dropped dropped

Method 1 in the previous example is enough. If you look at the source code, you will find that method 2 is actually the implementation of drag_and_drop() in method 1. Note: pay attention to the wait time when using drag and drop, sometimes it will fail due to the speed is too fast.

4. Key

There are several ways to simulate keystrokes, including win32api, SendKeys, and send_keys() of selenium's WebElement object. The ActionChains class also provides several methods to simulate keystrokes.

http sample url: / / sahitest com/demo/keypress htm

Code 1:

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains import ActionChains
from time import sleep

driver = webdriver.Firefox()
driver.implicitly_wait(10)
driver.maximize_window()
driver.get('http://sahitest.com/demo/keypress.htm')

key_up_radio = driver.find_element_by_id('r1') #  Monitor key rising 
key_down_radio = driver.find_element_by_id('r2') #  The monitor button is pressed 
key_press_radio = driver.find_element_by_id('r3') #  The monitor button is pressed to rise 

enter = driver.find_elements_by_xpath('//form[@name="f1"]/input')[1] #  Input box 
result = driver.find_elements_by_xpath('//form[@name="f1"]/input')[0] #  Monitoring results 

#  monitoring key_down
key_down_radio.click()
ActionChains(driver).key_down(Keys.CONTROL, enter).key_up(Keys.CONTROL).perform()
print result.get_attribute('value')

#  monitoring key_up
key_up_radio.click()
enter.click()
ActionChains(driver).key_down(Keys.SHIFT).key_up(Keys.SHIFT).perform()
print result.get_attribute('value')

#  monitoring key_press
key_press_radio.click()
enter.click()
ActionChains(driver).send_keys('a').perform()
print result.get_attribute('value')
driver.quit()

Results:

key downed charCode=[0] keyCode=[17] CTRL
key upped charCode=[0] keyCode=[16] NONE
key pressed charCode=[97] keyCode=[0] NONE

Example 2:

http sample url: / / sahitest com/demo/label htm

Code:

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains import ActionChains
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
from time import sleep

driver = webdriver.Firefox()
driver.implicitly_wait(10)
driver.maximize_window()

driver.get('http://sahitest.com/demo/label.htm')

input1 = driver.find_elements_by_tag_name('input')[3]
input2 = driver.find_elements_by_tag_name('input')[4]

action = ActionChains(driver)
input1.click()
action.send_keys('Test Keys').perform()
action.key_down(Keys.CONTROL).send_keys('a').key_up(Keys.CONTROL).perform() # ctrl+a
action.key_down(Keys.CONTROL).send_keys('c').key_up(Keys.CONTROL).perform() # ctrl+c

action.key_down(Keys.CONTROL, input2).send_keys('v').key_up(Keys.CONTROL).perform() # ctrl+v

print input1.get_attribute('value')
print input2.get_attribute('value')

driver.quit()

Results:

Test Keys
Test Keys

Copy and paste using WebElement < input > send_keys() can also be implemented, you can try 1, you can also use the lower level method, which is also win32api, SendKeys, keybd_event if you are interested