A way to read and write excel in python

This article illustrates how to write and write excel in python. Share with you for your reference. The details are as follows:

Recently, I needed to organize some data from multiple excel sheets in various ways. Although I had used Java to do this kind of thing, I decided to try python since I was learning python recently. I found that python was a lot cleaner. So let me just write that down. (because it is used to learn what, so it is not too deep, master do not spray, welcome to guide)

1. Read excel sheets

Read excel to use XLRD module, website (http://pypi.python.org/pypi/xlrd). And then you can follow the example and try it out a little bit and see how it works. The general process goes like this:

1. Import module

import xlrd

2. Open Excel file to read data

data = xlrd.open_workbook('excel.xls')

Get a worksheet

1.   Table = data sheets () [0]             Get by index order
2.   Table = data.sheet_by_index(0) # in index order
3.   Table = data.sheet_by_name(u'Sheet1')# by name
4. Get the values of the entire row and column (return the array)

table.row_values(i)

table.col_values(i)

5. Get the number of rows and columns

table.nrows

table.ncols

Get the cell

table.cell(0,0).value

table.cell(2,3).value

I think it's most useful to get the cell when I'm using it myself, which is essentially giving you a two-dimensional array, and then you can do whatever you want with it. Thanks to the simplicity of this great library code. But there are still a number of pits that have led to some time to explore. Here it is for posterity:

1. Firstly, my statistics are based on the information in each table according to the name. However, the debugging found that the names in different tables did not seem to match. Because if you're typing in excel, you're probably going to add a few Spaces or a TAB key after some name, and it's going to look the same, but when you're doing it, it's going to be two completely different strings. My solution is to add strips () to each string I get. The result is good

2. String matching. When determining whether the string in a cell (Chinese) is equal to what I have given, I found that it cannot match. In the end, I adopted a relatively flexible method: I directly obtained the value I wanted from excel and then compared it. The result was good, but the general line was not so good, and the problem was not solved.
Write excel sheets

Write the excel table to use XLWT module, download website (http://pypi.python.org/pypi/xlwt). The general usage process is as follows:

1. Import module

import xlwt

2. Create a workbook (actually excel, save it later)

workbook = xlwt.Workbook(encoding = 'ascii')

3. Create tables

worksheet = workbook.add_sheet('My Worksheet')

4. Write to the cell

worksheet.write(0, 0, label = 'Row 0, Column 0 Value')

5, save,

workbook.save('Excel_Workbook.xls')

Since my requirements are relatively simple, I haven't encountered any problems. The only thing I recommend is to use ASCII encoding, otherwise there may be some weird phenomena.

Of course, XLWT is much more than that, it can even set various styles and so on. Here's an example

Examples Generating Excel Documents Using Python's xlwt
Here are some simple examples using Python's xlwt library to dynamically generate Excel documents.
Please note a useful alternative may be ezodf, which allows you to generate ODS (Open Document Spreadsheet) files for LibreOffice / OpenOffice. You can check them out at:http://packages.python.org/ezodf/index.html
The Simplest Example

import xlwt

workbook = xlwt.Workbook(encoding = 'ascii')

worksheet = workbook.add_sheet('My Worksheet')

worksheet.write(0, 0, label = 'Row 0, Column 0 Value')

workbook.save('Excel_Workbook.xls')
Formatting the Contents of a Cell

import xlwt

workbook = xlwt.Workbook(encoding = 'ascii')

worksheet = workbook.add_sheet('My Worksheet')

font = xlwt.Font() # Create the Font

font.name = 'Times New Roman'

font.bold = True

font.underline = True

font.italic = True

style = xlwt.XFStyle() # Create the Style

style.font = font # Apply the Font to the Style

worksheet.write(0, 0, label = 'Unformatted value')

worksheet.write(1, 0, label = 'Formatted value', style) # Apply the Style to the Cell

workbook.save('Excel_Workbook.xls')
Attributes of the Font Object

font.bold = True # May be: True, False

font.italic = True # May be: True, False

font.struck_out = True # May be: True, False

font.underline = xlwt.Font.UNDERLINE_SINGLE # May be: UNDERLINE_NONE, UNDERLINE_SINGLE, UNDERLINE_SINGLE_ACC, UNDERLINE_DOUBLE, UNDERLINE_DOUBLE_ACC

font.escapement = xlwt.Font.ESCAPEMENT_SUPERSCRIPT # May be: ESCAPEMENT_NONE, ESCAPEMENT_SUPERSCRIPT, ESCAPEMENT_SUBSCRIPT

font.family = xlwt.Font.FAMILY_ROMAN # May be: FAMILY_NONE, FAMILY_ROMAN, FAMILY_SWISS, FAMILY_MODERN, FAMILY_SCRIPT, FAMILY_DECORATIVE

font.charset = xlwt.Font.CHARSET_ANSI_LATIN # May be: CHARSET_ANSI_LATIN, CHARSET_SYS_DEFAULT, CHARSET_SYMBOL, CHARSET_APPLE_ROMAN, CHARSET_ANSI_JAP_SHIFT_JIS, CHARSET_ANSI_KOR_HANGUL, CHARSET_ANSI_KOR_JOHAB, CHARSET_ANSI_CHINESE_GBK, CHARSET_ANSI_CHINESE_BIG5, CHARSET_ANSI_GREEK, CHARSET_ANSI_TURKISH, CHARSET_ANSI_VIETNAMESE, CHARSET_ANSI_HEBREW, CHARSET_ANSI_ARABIC, CHARSET_ANSI_BALTIC, CHARSET_ANSI_CYRILLIC, CHARSET_ANSI_THAI, CHARSET_ANSI_LATIN_II, CHARSET_OEM_LATIN_I

font.colour_index = ?

font.get_biff_record = ?

font.height = 0x00C8 # C8 in Hex (in decimal) = 10 points in height.

font.name = ?

font.outline = ?

font.shadow = ?
Setting the Width of a Cell

import xltw

workbook = xlwt.Workbook()

worksheet = workbook.add_sheet('My Sheet')

worksheet.write(0, 0, 'My Cell Contents')

worksheet.col(0).width = 3333 # 3333 = 1" (one inch).

workbook.save('Excel_Workbook.xls')
Entering a Date into a Cell

import xlwt

import datetime

workbook = xlwt.Workbook()

worksheet = workbook.add_sheet('My Sheet')

style = xlwt.XFStyle()

style.num_format_str = 'M/D/YY' # Other options: D-MMM-YY, D-MMM, MMM-YY, h:mm, h:mm:ss, h:mm, h:mm:ss, M/D/YY h:mm, mm:ss, [h]:mm:ss, mm:ss.0

worksheet.write(0, 0, datetime.datetime.now(), style)

workbook.save('Excel_Workbook.xls')
Adding a Formula to a Cell

import xlwt

workbook = xlwt.Workbook()

worksheet = workbook.add_sheet('My Sheet')

worksheet.write(0, 0, 5) # Outputs 5

worksheet.write(0, 1, 2) # Outputs 2

worksheet.write(1, 0, xlwt.Formula('A1*B1')) # Should output "10" (A1[5] * A2[2])

worksheet.write(1, 1, xlwt.Formula('SUM(A1,B1)')) # Should output "7" (A1[5] + A2[2])

workbook.save('Excel_Workbook.xls')
Adding a Hyperlink to a Cell

import xlwt

workbook = xlwt.Workbook()

worksheet = workbook.add_sheet('My Sheet')

worksheet.write(0, 0, xlwt.Formula('HYPERLINK("http://www.google.com";"Google")')) # Outputs the text "Google" linking to http://www.google.com

workbook.save('Excel_Workbook.xls')
Merging Columns and Rows

import xlwt

workbook = xlwt.Workbook()

worksheet = workbook.add_sheet('My Sheet')

worksheet.write_merge(0, 0, 0, 3, 'First Merge') # Merges row 0's columns 0 through 3.

font = xlwt.Font() # Create Font

font.bold = True # Set font to Bold

style = xlwt.XFStyle() # Create Style

style.font = font # Add Bold Font to Style

worksheet.write_merge(1, 2, 0, 3, 'Second Merge', style) # Merges row 1 through 2's columns 0 through 3.

workbook.save('Excel_Workbook.xls')
Setting the Alignment for the Contents of a Cell

import xlwt

workbook = xlwt.Workbook()

worksheet = workbook.add_sheet('My Sheet')

alignment = xlwt.Alignment() # Create Alignment

alignment.horz = xlwt.Alignment.HORZ_CENTER # May be: HORZ_GENERAL, HORZ_LEFT, HORZ_CENTER, HORZ_RIGHT, HORZ_FILLED, HORZ_JUSTIFIED, HORZ_CENTER_ACROSS_SEL, HORZ_DISTRIBUTED

alignment.vert = xlwt.Alignment.VERT_CENTER # May be: VERT_TOP, VERT_CENTER, VERT_BOTTOM, VERT_JUSTIFIED, VERT_DISTRIBUTED

style = xlwt.XFStyle() # Create Style

style.alignment = alignment # Add Alignment to Style

worksheet.write(0, 0, 'Cell Contents', style)

workbook.save('Excel_Workbook.xls')
Adding Borders to a Cell

# Please note: While I was able to find these constants within the source code, on my system (using LibreOffice,) I was only presented with a solid line, varying from thin to thick; no dotted or dashed lines.

import xlwt

workbook = xlwt.Workbook()

worksheet = workbook.add_sheet('My Sheet')

borders = xlwt.Borders() # Create Borders

borders.left = xlwt.Borders.DASHED # May be: NO_LINE, THIN, MEDIUM, DASHED, DOTTED, THICK, DOUBLE, HAIR, MEDIUM_DASHED, THIN_DASH_DOTTED, MEDIUM_DASH_DOTTED, THIN_DASH_DOT_DOTTED, MEDIUM_DASH_DOT_DOTTED, SLANTED_MEDIUM_DASH_DOTTED, or 0x00 through 0x0D.

borders.right = xlwt.Borders.DASHED

borders.top = xlwt.Borders.DASHED

borders.bottom = xlwt.Borders.DASHED

borders.left_colour = 0x40

borders.right_colour = 0x40

borders.top_colour = 0x40

borders.bottom_colour = 0x40

style = xlwt.XFStyle() # Create Style

style.borders = borders # Add Borders to Style

worksheet.write(0, 0, 'Cell Contents', style)

workbook.save('Excel_Workbook.xls')
Setting the Background Color of a Cell

import xlwt

workbook = xlwt.Workbook()

worksheet = workbook.add_sheet('My Sheet')

pattern = xlwt.Pattern() # Create the Pattern

pattern.pattern = xlwt.Pattern.SOLID_PATTERN # May be: NO_PATTERN, SOLID_PATTERN, or 0x00 through 0x12

pattern.pattern_fore_colour = 5 # May be: 8 through 63. 0 = Black, 1 = White, 2 = Red, 3 = Green, 4 = Blue, 5 = Yellow, 6 = Magenta, 7 = Cyan, 16 = Maroon, 17 = Dark Green, 18 = Dark Blue, 19 = Dark Yellow , almost brown), 20 = Dark Magenta, 21 = Teal, 22 = Light Gray, 23 = Dark Gray, the list goes on...

style = xlwt.XFStyle() # Create the Pattern

style.pattern = pattern # Add Pattern to Style

worksheet.write(0, 0, 'Cell Contents', style)

workbook.save('Excel_Workbook.xls')
TODO: Things Left to Document

- Panes -- separate views which are always in view

- Border Colors (documented above, but not taking effect as it should)

- Border Widths (document above, but not working as expected)

- Protection

- Row Styles

- Zoom / Manification

- WS Props?

Source Code for reference available at: https://secure.simplistix.co.uk/svn/xlwt/trunk/xlwt/

I hope this article has helped you with your Python programming.