Detailed explanation of root directory setting in nginx. conf

  • 2021-09-05 01:24:04
  • OfStack

There are always 1 problem when configuring nginx. conf. Here are 1 common problems and how to solve them

1. The problem of relative path

For example, location settings in configuration files


location ~ .php${
 root html
 }

The html pointed by root in location is a relative path, and the relative path is the path of this configuration file. Assuming that the location of this configuration file is/etc/nginx/conf. d, the absolute path of this html is/etc/nginx/conf. d/html. Therefore, in order to avoid unnecessary trouble, it is best to use absolute path in the process of configuring root path.

2. Path inheritance

2.1 Case 1

Suppose server states:


root /usr/share;

And it is stated in location:


location /{
 root /usr/html/www
 }

The path in location is preferred at this time

2.2 Case 2

If the root path is not declared in location:


location /app {

}

The path declared by root other than location is used by default

3. Setting the home page

Suppose we state in the statement server:

index index.html index.php

Then our request/will be redirected internally to url/index. php or url/index. html
Then it is matched by the related location before parsing

Detailed Explanation of nginx. conf File

Official website explains the parameter configuration of each module. Website: Nginx Chinese document


##代码块中的events、http、server、location、upstream等都是块配置项##
##块配置项可以嵌套。内层块直接继承外层快,例如:server块里的任意配置都是基于http块里的已有配置的##

##Nginx worker进程运行的用户及用户组 
#语法:user username[groupname]  默认:user nobody nobody
#user用于设置master进程启动后,fork出的worker进程运行在那个用户和用户组下。当按照"user username;"设置时,用户组名与用户名相同。
#若用户在configure命令执行时,使用了参数--user=usergroup 和 --group=groupname,此时nginx.conf将使用参数中指定的用户和用户组。
#user nobody;

##Nginx worker进程个数:其数量直接影响性能。
#每个worker进程都是单线程的进程,他们会调用各个模块以实现多种多样的功能。如果这些模块不会出现阻塞式的调用,那么,有多少CPU内核就应该配置多少个进程,反之,有可能出现阻塞式调用,那么,需要配置稍多1些的worker进程。
worker_processes 1;

##ssl硬件加速。
#用户可以用OpneSSL提供的命令来查看是否有ssl硬件加速设备:openssl engine -t
#ssl_engine device;

##守护进程(daemon)。是脱离终端在后台允许的进程。它脱离终端是为了避免进程执行过程中的信息在任何终端上显示。这样1来,进程也不会被任何终端所产生的信息所打断。##
##关闭守护进程的模式,之所以提供这种模式,是为了放便跟踪调试nginx,毕竟用gdb调试进程时最繁琐的就是如何继续跟进fork出的子进程了。##
##如果用off关闭了master_proccess方式,就不会fork出worker子进程来处理请求,而是用master进程自身来处理请求
#daemon off;  #查看是否以守护进程的方式运行Nginx 默认是on 
#master_process off; #是否以master/worker方式工作 默认是on

##error日志的设置#
#语法: error_log /path/file level;
#默认: error_log / log/error.log error;
#当path/file 的值为 /dev/null时,这样就不会输出任何日志了,这也是关闭error日志的唯1手段;
#leve的取值范围是debug、info、notice、warn、error、crit、alert、emerg从左至右级别依次增大。
#当level的级别为error时,error、crit、alert、emerg级别的日志就都会输出。大于等于该级别会输出,小于该级别的不会输出。
#如果设定的日志级别是debug,则会输出所有的日志,这1数据量会很大,需要预先确保/path/file所在的磁盘有足够的磁盘空间。级别设定到debug,必须在configure时加入 --with-debug配置项。
#error_log logs/error.log;
#error_log logs/error.log notice;
#error_log logs/error.log info;

##pid文件(master进程ID的pid文件存放路径)的路径
#pid    logs/nginx.pid;


events {
 #仅对指定的客户端输出debug级别的日志: 语法:debug_connection[IP|CIDR]
 #这个设置项实际上属于事件类配置,因此必须放在events{……}中才会生效。它的值可以是IP地址或者是CIRD地址。
 #debug_connection 10.224.66.14; #或是debug_connection 10.224.57.0/24
 #这样,仅仅以上IP地址的请求才会输出debug级别的日志,其他请求仍然沿用error_log中配置的日志级别。
 #注意:在使用debug_connection前,需确保在执行configure时已经加入了--with-debug参数,否则不会生效。
 worker_connections 1024;
}

##核心转储(coredump):在Linux系统中,当进程发生错误或收到信号而终止时,系统会将进程执行时的内存内容(核心映像)写入1个文件(core文件),以作为调试只用,这就是所谓的核心转储(coredump).

http {
##嵌入其他配置文件 语法:include /path/file
#参数既可以是绝对路径也可以是相对路径(相对于Nginx的配置目录,即nginx.conf所在的目录)
  include    mime.types;
  default_type application/octet-stream;

  #log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
  #         '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
  #         '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

  #access_log logs/access.log main;

  sendfile    on;
  #tcp_nopush   on;

  #keepalive_timeout 0;
  keepalive_timeout 65;

  #gzip on;

  server {
##listen监听的端口
#语法:listen address:port [ default(deprecated in 0.8.21) | default_server | [ backlog=num | rcvbuf=size | sndbuf=size | accept_filter=filter | deferred | bind | ssl ] ]
#default_server: 如果没有设置这个参数,那么将会以在nginx.conf中找到的第1个server块作为默认server块
 listen    8080;

#主机名称:其后可以跟多个主机名称,开始处理1个HTTP请求时,nginx会取出header头中的Host,与每个server中的server_name进行匹配,以此决定到底由那1个server来处理这个请求。有可能1个Host与多个server块中的server_name都匹配,这时会根据匹配优先级来选择实际处理的server块。server_name与Host的匹配优先级见文末。
 server_name localhost;

    #charset koi8-r;

    #access_log logs/host.access.log main;

    #location / {
    #  root  html;
    #  index index.html index.htm;
    #}

##location 语法: location [=|~|~*|^~] /uri/ { ... }
# location的使用实例见文末。
#注意:location时有顺序的,当1个请求有可能匹配多个location时,实际上这个请求会被第1个location处理。
 location / {
 proxy_pass http://192.168.1.60;
    }

    #error_page 404       /404.html;

    # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
    #
    error_page  500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
    location = /50x.html {
      root  html;
    }

    # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
    #
    #location ~ \.php$ {
    #  proxy_pass  http://127.0.0.1;
    #}

    # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
    #
    #location ~ \.php$ {
    #  root      html;
    #  fastcgi_pass  127.0.0.1:9000;
    #  fastcgi_index index.php;
    #  fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
    #  include    fastcgi_params;
    #}

    # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
    # concurs with nginx's one
    #
    #location ~ /\.ht {
    #  deny all;
    #}
  }



  # another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
  #
  #server {
  #  listen    8000;
  #  listen    somename:8080;
  #  server_name somename alias another.alias;

  #  location / {
  #    root  html;
  #    index index.html index.htm;
  #  }
  #}


  # HTTPS server
  #
  #server {
  #  listen    443 ssl;
  #  server_name localhost;

  #  ssl_certificate   cert.pem;
  #  ssl_certificate_key cert.key;

  #  ssl_session_cache  shared:SSL:1m;
  #  ssl_session_timeout 5m;

  #  ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
  #  ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;

  #  location / {
  #    root  html;
  #    index index.html index.htm;
  #  }
  #}

}


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