Server installation what system good server system detailed introduction and selection recommendation

The following is a detailed description of this site's favorite server system and how to select the tutorial, collated from the Ali Cloud forum. A very good tutorial, and this site is in the works.

Currently, Aliyun provides a total of 17 operating systems in two categories. Webmaster 1 see so many operating systems 1 general first reaction is at a loss, so how should choose suitable for their own server? This article will answer for you.

Windows article

Aliyun provides six window systems, covering Server 2003 sp2 and Server 2008 R2. There are 32 bits and 64 bits

(1) How to choose 32-bit or 64-bit

The main limitation of 32-bit systems over 64-bit systems is the size of the memory. Because of the 32-bit limit, it can only support up to 4GB memory at most. If your site is using more memory than 4GB or has plans to expand memory to 4GB at some point in the future, use a 64-bit operating system.

This site recommends: To install a 64-bit system with a configuration larger than 8g, select 2008 r2 and 20031, which are generally 32-bit

(2) Choose 2003 or 2008
My personal advice for windows is to choose the higher version the better. The new version has relatively fewer bugs, and IIS 7.5 offers more features and a more convenient console than IIS6. However, considering different machine configurations, the following choices are given:

Configure less than dual-core 2GB memory: select server2003 not to install database
Configure dual-core 4GB: server 2003 mssql or server 2008 R2 without database
Configuration higher than dual-core 8GB: serever 2008 R2(win2012/2016) mssql

It is suggested that if you want to run the database on the cloud server, try to choose the large memory configuration, or lower the configuration to choose RDS, you can also buy the cloud database.

(3) How to choose the Chinese and English version
This is based on your preferences, so I won't go into it

As for the Windows server configuration tutorial, the Windows configuration tutorial will be released later because there are many online tutorials and Windows configuration is less difficult than Linux configuration.

Linux article

This tutorial focuses on how to select the Linux server.

Linux Alicloud offers 11 different types of cloud in two broad categories, but let's look at the specific differences.

(1) What is the difference between these Linux versions?
Linux is classified according to its major categories. Aliyun provides two operating systems based on Debian and Red Hat, which are specifically classified as follows:

Debian: Ubuntu, Debian
Red hat: Red Hat, Centos

(2) What is the difference between these two categories
Debian: Use the deb package, use the APT package management system. At the same time, Debian offers newer versions of most of the software and more packages (compared to the original Red Hat). The advantages of Debian are rapid update, complete package (Ubuntu in particular), and easy operation. The disadvantage is that sometimes the stability is not good, the latest software may exist Bug.

Red Hat: Use the rpm package and use the yum package management system. Compared with Debian, Red Hat is slow. Most software stays in stable versions and is far from the latest version. Some new features, such as ES107en-ES108en, are slower to support. Because Red Hat is an operating system for enterprise users, the Hat stands out in terms of stability with 10 points, generally preferring the latter in terms of new features or stability. Only when a feature is completely stable will it be added to the system. The advantage is that the system is stable, the technical documentation is complete, if paid can get the enterprise level technical support. The downside is that the package is older and some newer features may be missing.

Conclusion 1:
If you like to try new things, use the latest features, or play around with systems, Debian is a better choice. Compared with Red Hat, which is still at 2.6, Debian is already on its way to 3.0.

Red Hat is a better choice if you want stability and don't want to upgrade your software too often. Excellent stability and rich documentation support 1 will certainly meet your needs, but don't be under any illusions about the new features. And Red Hat's complete documentation saves you the hassle of searching for tutorials and forums

Ubunt beginner difficulty < Debian < Redhat=Centos

(3) Selection of Debian and Ubuntu
Ubuntu is developed based on Debian and can be considered simply as an enhanced version of Debian. Ubuntu offers a more user-friendly system configuration, more powerful system operations and more radical software updates than Debian. Compared with Debian, Debian tends to be more conservative. Ubuntu is more novice friendly and easier to use. Anyone who has used Ubuntu will experience its ease of use. On the contrary, if you use Ubuntu and then switch to another system, you will feel uncomfortable. Ubuntu is really convenient.

Personally, if you are going to choose Debian, it is recommended to choose Ubuntu. Ubuntu offers better operations, more radical software updates, easier management of software, and little more stability. If you want to use the Debian class and don't want to give up stability, select Debian. Debian is more stable than Ubuntu, but there are problems similar to Red Hat and Debian.

About Ubuntu version selection:

Debian gave 1 version, not to say, focus on 1 Ubuntu.

I don't know how the engineer of Aliyun came up with the idea of using 10.10 for his own mirror, but 10.10 actually?

The release support time for Ubuntu is explained here. The regular version of Ubuntu will only provide 18 months of technical support, and the expiration date will not be considered. The LTS server version provides technical support for up to five years. Ubuntu 10.10 is a regular version and is now past the support cycle. If you do, good, you'll find that you can't install any software, the 10.10 software has been removed from the Ubuntu source. It is recommended that you choose the 12.04 LTS version, which provides technical support for up to 5 years, to ensure that your server can continue to receive system updates and available software sources for a considerable period of time. By the way, I would like to make a joke about the ISO. Can you have some professional spirit? To someone who doesn't have a software source so we can finish installing it and put it there?

(4) Red Hat and Centos

Red Hat is not that different from Centos.

Red Hat is a paid operating system and you can use it for free, but if you want to use the source of Red Hat and want technical support, you have to pay like Windows. It's open source, free to use, and paid for.
Centos is the open source version of Red Hat. Generally, after the Red Hat update, Centos will remove the Red Hat patents from the code, and the various server setup tools included in Red Hat will also be eliminated and then recompiled to Centos.

In a sense, Centos can be seen almost entirely as Red Hat, and both versions of rpm packages are generic.

So that makes the problem easy

If you are willing to pay for technical support and want perfect technical services, please buy the license of Red Hat, you will get technical support as powerful as Windows1.

If all you want to use is paid tech support and proprietary software, use Centos.

Centos 5 corresponds to Red Hat 5
Centos 6 corresponds to Red Hat 6 (Aliyun does not provide this version)

centos 7 (not recommended for production environment, i.e. not recommended for official website)

The Red Hat supported documentation can also be applied to Centos without changing the commands (it's essentially the same thing, after all).

The Red Hat series is characterized by stability. Since Centos needs to be updated after Red Hat, patch 1 is slower than Red Hat, which is not a big deal for most people.

Red Hat is the company with the first degree of contribution to Linux kernel code. In 2012, Red Hat contributed more than 10% of the code, so Red Hat is the most stable version of Linux. Centos carries the good mantle of Red Hat and also has the stability of flow 1, which is incomparable to Debian. Also, Red Hat will be much, much slower, but once it's updated, it's a stable version, and stability trumps everything else.

For the choice of Centos, Centos 6.3 is recommended, which brings more new features and more new functions.

Unless your software requires php 5.1, choose Centos6.3. If the website needs to support php5.1, only Centos 5 can be used.

For specific version selection, php 5.1 users are recommended to select Centoss 5.8 and Centos 6.3 for others

Also: To use Nginx, please use Centos 6.3 or above.
This site has decided to use Centos 6.3 and then build Nginx+php+mysql.

Configure the server to use CentOS6 or CentOS7

The change of Centos7 is a little big compared with the previous version, and it will take a period of time to readjust, so centos6 is recommended. A lot of times your struggles aren't a problem.