MongoDB tutorial (including installation common commands related concepts usage tips common operations etc.)
- 2020-05-09 19:33:27
- OfStack
1. Installation and configuration
MongoDB official download station is http: / / www mongodb. org/downloads, can go to download the latest installer above
Installation of Windows platform
● step 1: download MongoDB
click the official download address at the top and download the Windows version
● step 2: set the MongoDB program to a directory
After downloading , unzip to the custom folder, e.g. D:\mongodb\
● step 3: set the data file directory
create db and logs folders (equivalent to bin) in D:\mongodb\ directory,
then creates the mongodb.log log file in the logs folder
● step 4: start the MongoDB service as the Windows service
// Enter the cmd The console
D:/mongodb/bin>mongod.exe --logpath D:/mongodb/logs/mongodb.log --logappend
--dbpath D:/mongodb/db
--directoryperdb
--serviceName MongoDB
--install
--directoryperdb Specify each DB Will the new 1 A directory Once the installation is complete, you can start and stop MongoDB with the net start MongoDB and net stop MongoDB commands from cmd
● step 5: client connection verification
open cmd and type: D:/mongodb/bin > mongo.exe
D:/mongodb/bin>mongo.exe
MongoDB shell version: 2.4.8
connecting to: test
>Installation of Linux platform
● step 1: download MongoDB
click the official download address above and download the Linux version
● step 2: set up the MongoDB program directory
Once the download is complete, unzip it to the custom folder, e.g. /usr/local/mongo
● step 3: set the data file directory
create the /data/db and /data/logs folders, and then create the mongodb.log log files in the logs folder
● step 4: start the MongoDB service and start it randomly as the Linux service
vi /etc/rc.local // use vi The editor opens the configuration file and adds the following 1 Lines of code
/usr/local/mongo/bin/mongod --dbpath=/data/db/ --logpath=/data/logs/mongodb.log --logappend& When the installation is complete, you can finish with pkill mongod
2. Logical structure of data
● MongoDB document (document), equivalent to one row in a relational database.
● multiple documents make up a collection (collection), which is equivalent to a table in a relational database.
● multiple collections (collection), logically organized from 1, is the database (database).
● multiple databases are supported for one instance of MongoDB (database).
● default port: 27017
3. Common commands
Select database
use personsDisplay current database
db || db.getName()Delete current database
db.dropDatabase()Displays the collection Collections under the current database
show tables || show collectionsDisplays the current system.profile
show profileDisplays the user Users under the current database
show usersAdd user
db.addUser(username, password)Delete user
db.removeUser(username)
4. The index ensureIndex ()
// Normal index
db.persons.ensureIndex({name:1});
db.factories.insert({name: "xyz", metro: {city: "New York", state: "NY"}});
// Document index
db.factories.ensureIndex({metro : 1});
// Embedded index
db.factories.ensureIndex({"metro.city": 1});
// Composite index
db.things.ensureIndex({name: -1, qty: 1});
// only 1 The index
db.user.ensureIndex({firstname: 1, lastname: 1}, {unique: true});
/* when 1 A record is inserted into only 1 When indexing a document, the missing fields will be null The document is inserted for the default values */
db.things.save({lastname: "Smith"});
// The following operation will fail because firstname There are only 1 Sex index, the value is null
db.things.save({lastname: "Jones"});
// View index
db.persons.getIndexes();
// Delete all indexes
db.collection.dropIndexes();
// Drop a single index
db.collection.dropIndex({x: 1, y: -1});
5. Add, delete, change, check, etc
// Definition document
>doc = {
"_id" : 1,
"author" : "sam",
"title" : "i love you",
"text" : "this is a test",
"tags" : [ "love", "test" ],
"comments" : [
{ "author" : "jim", "comment" : "yes" },
{ "author" : "tom", "comment" : "no" }
]
}
// Inserted into the document
> db.posts.insert(doc);
// Find the document
> db.posts.find({'comments.author':'jim'});
Query Query
// All records in the query collection:
db.users.find({})
// Query out all " last_name " Attribute values for " Smith " Document record
db.users.find({'last_name': 'Smith'})Query options
D:/mongodb/bin>mongo.exe
MongoDB shell version: 2.4.8
connecting to: test
>Conditional expression
1) < , < =, > , > =
D:/mongodb/bin>mongo.exe
MongoDB shell version: 2.4.8
connecting to: test
>The $all operation is similar to the $in operation, but the $all operation requires that all the values in the array be included in the returned record
D:/mongodb/bin>mongo.exe
MongoDB shell version: 2.4.8
connecting to: test
>The $exists operation checks to see if a field exists
D:/mongodb/bin>mongo.exe
MongoDB shell version: 2.4.8
connecting to: test
>The $mod operation allows us to simply take a module
D:/mongodb/bin>mongo.exe
MongoDB shell version: 2.4.8
connecting to: test
>$ne means not equal to (not equal)
D:/mongodb/bin>mongo.exe
MongoDB shell version: 2.4.8
connecting to: test
>The $in operation is similar to IN in a traditional relational database
// The database has records for all arrays
> db.user.find( { _id : { $in : [ 2, 3 ] } } ).limit(5);
{ "_id" : 2, "name" : "user2", "userid" : 2, "age" : 20 }
{ "_id" : 3, "name" : "user3", "userid" : 3, "age" : 20 }
$nin is the opposite of the $in operation
// deducted _id = 1/2/3/4 The record of
> db.user.find( { _id : { $nin : [ 1, 2, 3, 4 ] } } ).limit(5);
{ "_id" : 0, "name" : "user0", "userid" : 0, "age" : 20 }
{ "_id" : 5, "name" : "user5", "userid" : 5, "age" : 20 }
{ "_id" : 6, "name" : "user6", "userid" : 6, "age" : 20 }
$or
> db.user.find( { $or : [ { _id : 2 }, { name : 'user3' }, { userid : 4 } ] } ).limit(5);
{ "_id" : 2, "name" : "user2", "userid" : 2, "age" : 20 }
{ "_id" : 3, "name" : "user3", "userid" : 3, "age" : 20 }
{ "_id" : 4, "name" : "user4", "userid" : 4, "age" : 20 }
>
$nor is the opposite of $or
> db.user.find( { $nor : [ { _id : 2 }, { name : 'user3' }, { userid : 4 } ] } ).limit(4);
{ "_id" : 0, "name" : "user0", "userid" : 0, "age" : 20 }
{ "_id" : 1, "name" : "user1", "userid" : 1, "age" : 20 }
{ "_id" : 5, "name" : "user5", "userid" : 5, "age" : 20 }
{ "_id" : 6, "name" : "user6", "userid" : 6, "age" : 20 }
>
The $size operation will query the array length equal to the array of input parameters
> db.things.find();
{ "_id" : ObjectId("4de73360059e7f4bdf907cfe"), "a" : [ 1, 2, 3 ] }
> db.things.find( { a : { $size : 3 } } );
{ "_id" : ObjectId("4de73360059e7f4bdf907cfe"), "a" : [ 1, 2, 3 ] }
> db.things.find( { a : { $size : 2 } } );
>
> db.things.find( { a : { $size : 1 } } );
>
$where
> db.mycollection.find( { $where : function() { return this.a == 3 || this.b == 4; } } );
// Ditto effect
> db.mycollection.find( function() { return this.a == 3 || this.b == 4; } );
$type will retrieve the data based on the BSON type of the field
// return a Is a record of a string
> db.things.find( { a : { $type : 2 } } );
// return a is int Type record
> db.things.find( { a : { $type : 16 } } );Type name mapping
Low Double: 1
Low String: 2
Low Object: 3
Low Array: 4
● Binary data: 5
● Object id: 7
Low Boolean: 8
Low Date: 9
Low Null: 10
● Regular expression: 11
● JavaScript code: 13
Low Symbol: 14
● JavaScript code with scope: 15
● 32-bit integer: 16
Low Timestamp: 17
● 64-bit integer: 18
● Min key: 255
● Max key: 127
Mongodb also supports regular expression retrieval
// retrieve name Attribute is u At the beginning, 4 End of all users
> db.user.find( { name : /u.*4$/i } ).limit(2);
{ "_id" : 4, "name" : "user4", "userid" : 4, "age" : 20 }
{ "_id" : 14, "name" : "user14", "userid" : 14, "age" : 20 }
// A query statement with the same effect
> db.user.find( { name : { $regex : 'u.*4$', $options : 'i' } } ).limit(2);
{ "_id" : 4, "name" : "user4", "userid" : 4, "age" : 20 }
{ "_id" : 14, "name" : "user14", "userid" : 14, "age" : 20 }
// Cooperate with other operations 1 The use
> db.user.find( { name : { $regex : 'u.*4$', $options : 'i', $nin : [ 'user4' ] } } ).limit(2);
{ "_id" : 14, "name" : "user14", "userid" : 14, "age" : 20 }
The sorting
An ascending sort by the last_name property returns all documents
//1 Is the ascending order, -1 According to descending order
db.users.find( {} ).sort( { last_name : 1 } );
Group
// Grammar:
db.coll.group( {
cond : {filed : conditions},
key : {filed: true},
initial : {count: 0, total_time:0},
reduce : function(doc, out){ },
finalize : function(out){}
} );
Parameter description:
Key : proceed to that field
Group Cond : query conditions
Initial Initialization: group counter
Reduce : usually do statistical operation
Finalize : statistics are usually carried out 1 Step operations, such as averaging Keyf : 1 Three functions to return 1 An alternative KEY The value of the
// example
> db.test.group( {
cond : { "invoked_at.d" : { $gte : "2009-11", $lt : "2009-12" } },
key : {http_action: true},
initial : {count: 0, total_time:0},
reduce : function( doc, out ){ out.count++; out.total_time += doc.response_time },
finalize : function(out){ out.avg_time = out.total_time / out.count } } );
[
{
"http_action" : "GET /display/DOCS/Aggregation",
"count" : 1,
"total_time" : 0.05,
"avg_time" : 0.05
}
]
Deduplication is similar to Distinct in a relational database
> db.addresses.insert( { "zip-code" : 10010 } )
> db.addresses.insert( { "zip-code" : 10010 } )
> db.addresses.insert( { "zip-code" : 99701 } )
>
> db.addresses.distinct("zip-code");
[ 10010, 99701 ]
>
> //command model :
> db.runCommand( { distinct: 'addresses', key: 'zip-code' } )
{ "values" : [ 10010, 99701 ] }
>
> db.comments.save( { "user" : { "points" : 25 } } )
> db.comments.save( { "user" : { "points" : 31 } } )
> db.comments.save( { "user" : { "points" : 25 } } )
> db.comments.distinct("user.points");
[ 25, 31 ]
Mongodb supports the skip and limit commands for paging queries
use persons$elemMatch
use personsThe count() method returns the total number of query records
use persons$slice
use personsDelete Delete
The Remove operation is used to delete records from the collection
use personsUpdate Update
use personsParameter description:
Criteria: object used to set query conditions
Objnew : object used to set the update content
Upsert : if the record already exists, update it, otherwise add a new record
Multi : if there are multiple eligible records, update them all note: by default, only the first eligible record is updated
save()
use persons$inc
{ $inc : { field : value } } // the field The value of the add 1 a value
> db.user.findOne( { _id : 0 } );
{ "_id" : 0, "name" : "user0", "userid" : 0, "age" : 22 }
> db.user.update( { _id : 0 }, { $inc : { age : 1 } } );
{ "_id" : 0, "name" : "user0", "userid" : 0, "age" : 23 }
$set
{ $set : { field : value } }
// the field Is set to value when field When it doesn't exist, it increases 1 A field,
// similar SQL the set Operation, value Support all types
// Put the above age Change back to 20
> db.user.update( { _id : 0 }, { $set : { age : 20 } } );
{ "_id" : 0, "name" : "user0", "userid" : 0, "age" : 20 }
// when field When it doesn't exist, it increases 1 A field
> db.user.update( { _id : 0 }, { $set : { sex : 'boy' } } );
{ "_id" : 0, "sex" : "boy", "name" : "user0", "userid" : 0, "age" : 20 }
$unset
{ $unset : { field : 1} } // Deletes the given field field
// Delete the 1 Step increase of sex field
> db.user.update( { _id : 0 }, { $unset : { sex : 1 } } );
{ "_id" : 0, "name" : "user0", "userid" : 0, "age" : 20 }
$push
{ $push : { field : value } }
// if filed is 1 Two existing arrays, so let's say value Additional to field
// if field It didn't exist before, so add it field The fields, value The value is assigned to field
// if field Yes, but no 1 I'm going to make an error
> db.sport.update( { _id : 0 }, { $push : { aihao : 'football' } } );
$pushAll
db || db.getName()$addToSet
{ $addToSet : { field : value } }
// if filed is 1 Two existing arrays, and value It's not one of them value Add to array
// if filed It doesn't exist, so let's say value As a 1 I'm going to assign it in array form field
// if field is 1 Two existing non-array types, and an error will be reported
$pop
{ $pop : { field : 1 } } // Delete the end of the array 1 An element
{ $pop : { field : -1 } } // Deletes the first in the array 1 An element
$pull
{ $pull : { field : _value } }
// if field is 1 Array, then delete matches _value Retrieve a record of conditions
// if field is 1 Two nonarrays that already exist, then an error will be reported
$pullAll
{ $pullAll : { field : value_array } } // with $push Similar, just value The data type is 1 An array
$rename
{ $rename : { old_field_name : new_field_name }
// Rename the specified field name from 1.7.2 Support started after version
> db.user.update( { _id : 0 } , { $rename : { 'quantity' : 'qty'}});
Special operator: $
The $operator represents the first entry in the query record that matches the condition
// case 1
> db.t.find()
{
"_id" : ObjectId("4b97e62bf1d8c7152c9ccb74"),
"title" : "ABC",
"comments" : [
{ "by" : "joe", "votes" : 3 },
{ "by" : "jane", "votes" : 7 }
]
}
> db.t.update( { 'comments.by' : 'joe' }, { $inc : { 'comments.$.votes' : 1 } }, false, true )
> db.t.find()
{
"_id" : ObjectId("4b97e62bf1d8c7152c9ccb74"),
"title" : "ABC",
"comments" : [
{ "by" : "joe", "votes" : 4 },
{ "by" : "jane", "votes" : 7 }
]
}
// case 2
> db.t.find();
{
"_id" : ObjectId("4b9e4a1fc583fa1c76198319"),
"x" : [ 1, 2, 3, 2 ]
}
> db.t.update( { x : 2 }, { $inc : { "x.$": 1 } }, false, true);
> db.t.find();
{
"_id" : ObjectId("4b9e4a1fc583fa1c76198319"),
"x" : [ 1, 3, 3, 2 ]
}
// In an array $ Cooperate with $unset operation Instead of deleting the matched element, the effect is to change the matched element to null , such as:
> db.t.insert( { x: [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 3, 2, 3, 4 ] } )
> db.t.find()
{
"_id" : ObjectId("4bde2ad3755d00000000710e"),
"x" : [ 1, 2, 3, 4, 3, 2, 3, 4 ]
}
> db.t.update( { x : 3 }, { $unset : { "x.$" : 1 } } )
> t.find()
{
"_id" : ObjectId("4bde2ad3755d00000000710e"),
"x" : [ 1, 2, null, 4, 3, 2, 3, 4 ]
}Graphical management tool
MongoDB has several graphical management tools for reference:
http://docs.mongodb.org/ecosystem/tools/administration-interfaces/