Detail the correct posture of Apache on Ubuntu to configure SSL of https certificate

First, take a look at the official tutorial of Aliyun:

Document Description:

1. The certificate file xxxxxx.pem contains two paragraphs. Please do not delete any one paragraph.

2. If CSR is created by the certificate system, it also includes: certificate private key file xxxxxxxx.key, certificate public key file public.pem, certificate chain file chain.pem.

(1) Create the cert directory under the Apache installation directory, and copy all downloaded files to the cert directory. If you created the CSR file when applying for the certificate, please put the corresponding private key file in the cert directory and name it xxxxxxxx.key.

(2) Open the httpd. conf file in the conf directory under the apache installation directory, find the following contents and remove the "#" :

#LoadModule ssl_module modules/mod_ssl.so ( If not, please confirm if it has been compiled  openssl  The plug-in )
#Include conf/extra/httpd-ssl.conf

(3) open the apache installation directory conf extra/httpd - ssl. conf file (can also be conf. d/ssl. conf, relate to the installation and operating system), in the configuration file for the following configuration statements:

#  add  SSL  Protocols support protocols and remove insecure protocols 
SSLProtocol all -SSLv2 -SSLv3
#  Modify the encryption suite as follows 
SSLCipherSuite HIGH:!RC4:!MD5:!aNULL:!eNULL:!NULL:!DH:!EDH:!EXP:+MEDIUM
SSLHonorCipherOrder on
#  Certificate public key configuration 
SSLCertificateFile cert/public.pem
#  Certificate private key configuration 
SSLCertificateKeyFile cert/xxxxxxx.key
#  Certificate chain configuration if the property begins with  '#' Characters, please delete 
SSLCertificateChainFile cert/chain.pem

(4) Restart Apache.

(5) Visit your site through https to test the installation configuration of the site certificate. If you encounter the certificate distrust, please check the help video.

This is only a reference, however. Under Ubuntu, I installed Apache using apt, but it doesn't have ES62en.conf, only 1 ES64en2.conf, ok, this file is similar to ES66en.conf, it is commented as follows:

# It is split into several files forming the configuration hierarchy outlined
# below, all located in the /etc/apache2/ directory:
#
# /etc/apache2/
# |-- apache2.conf
# | `-- ports.conf
# |-- mods-enabled
# | |-- *.load
# | `-- *.conf
# |-- conf-enabled
# | `-- *.conf
# `-- sites-enabled
# `-- *.conf
#

This version of Apache splits configuration files into smaller files, and the structure looks like this. If you want, you can also write 1 httpd.conf and then include goes in.

Focusing on the configuration of https, step 1 is to make sure that port 443 for your external environment is open.

Step 2 Make sure you have ssl_module installed. Without ES84en-ES85en install openssl, you may need 1 more dependencies, but these are minor issues.

Then open ports.conf. The following sentences are indispensable:

<IfModule ssl_module>
 Listen 443
</IfModule>
 
<IfModule mod_gnutls.c>
 Listen 443
</IfModule>

Then open ES96en-ES97en and find ssl.conf and ssl.load

ssl.load looks like this:

# Depends: setenvif mime socache_shmcb
LoadModule ssl_module /usr/lib/apache2/modules/mod_ssl.so
ssl.conf Long like this: 
<IfModule mod_ssl.c>
 
 # Pseudo Random Number Generator (PRNG):
 # Configure one or more sources to seed the PRNG of the SSL library.
 # The seed data should be of good random quality.
 # WARNING! On some platforms /dev/random blocks if not enough entropy
 # is available. This means you then cannot use the /dev/random device
 # because it would lead to very long connection times (as long as
 # it requires to make more entropy available). But usually those
 # platforms additionally provide a /dev/urandom device which doesn't
 # block. So, if available, use this one instead. Read the mod_ssl User
 # Manual for more details.
 #
 SSLRandomSeed startup builtin
 SSLRandomSeed startup file:/dev/urandom 512
 SSLRandomSeed connect builtin
 SSLRandomSeed connect file:/dev/urandom 512
 
 ##
 ## SSL Global Context
 ##
 ## All SSL configuration in this context applies both to
 ## the main server and all SSL-enabled virtual hosts.
 ##
 
 #
 # Some MIME-types for downloading Certificates and CRLs
 #
 AddType application/x-x509-ca-cert .crt
 AddType application/x-pkcs7-crl .crl
 
 # Pass Phrase Dialog:
 # Configure the pass phrase gathering process.
 # The filtering dialog program (`builtin' is a internal
 # terminal dialog) has to provide the pass phrase on stdout.
 SSLPassPhraseDialog exec:/usr/share/apache2/ask-for-passphrase
 
 # Inter-Process Session Cache:
 # Configure the SSL Session Cache: First the mechanism 
 # to use and second the expiring timeout (in seconds).
 # (The mechanism dbm has known memory leaks and should not be used).
 #SSLSessionCache dbm:${APACHE_RUN_DIR}/ssl_scache
 SSLSessionCache shmcb:${APACHE_RUN_DIR}/ssl_scache(512000)
 SSLSessionCacheTimeout 300
 
 # Semaphore:
 # Configure the path to the mutual exclusion semaphore the
 # SSL engine uses internally for inter-process synchronization. 
 # (Disabled by default, the global Mutex directive consolidates by default
 # this)
 #Mutex file:${APACHE_LOCK_DIR}/ssl_mutex ssl-cache
 
 
 # SSL Cipher Suite:
 # List the ciphers that the client is permitted to negotiate. See the
 # ciphers(1) man page from the openssl package for list of all available
 # options.
 # Enable only secure ciphers:
 SSLCipherSuite HIGH:!RC4:!MD5:!aNULL:!eNULL:!NULL:!DH:!EDH:!EXP:+MEDIUM
 
 # SSL server cipher order preference:
 # Use server priorities for cipher algorithm choice.
 # Clients may prefer lower grade encryption. You should enable this
 # option if you want to enforce stronger encryption, and can afford
 # the CPU cost, and did not override SSLCipherSuite in a way that puts
 # insecure ciphers first.
 # Default: Off
 SSLHonorCipherOrder on
 
 # The protocols to enable.
 # Available values: all, SSLv3, TLSv1, TLSv1.1, TLSv1.2
 # SSL v2 is no longer supported
 SSLProtocol all -SSLv2 -SSLv3
 
 # Allow insecure renegotiation with clients which do not yet support the
 # secure renegotiation protocol. Default: Off
 #SSLInsecureRenegotiation on
 
 # Whether to forbid non-SNI clients to access name based virtual hosts.
 # Default: Off
 #SSLStrictSNIVHostCheck On
 
</IfModule>
 
# vim: syntax=apache ts=4 sw=4 sts=4 sr noet

Then comes the configuration of the site, using the default ES110en-ES111en. conf:

<IfModule mod_ssl.c>
 <VirtualHost _default_:443>
 ServerName 
 
 ################ Add your own site configuration ##########
 
 
 
 # Available loglevels: trace8, ..., trace1, debug, info, notice, warn,
 # error, crit, alert, emerg.
 # It is also possible to configure the loglevel for particular
 # modules, e.g.
 #LogLevel info ssl:warn
 
 ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/error.log
 CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/access.log combined
 
 # For most configuration files from conf-available/, which are
 # enabled or disabled at a global level, it is possible to
 # include a line for only one particular virtual host. For example the
 # following line enables the CGI configuration for this host only
 # after it has been globally disabled with "a2disconf".
 #Include conf-available/serve-cgi-bin.conf
 
 # SSL Engine Switch:
 # Enable/Disable SSL for this virtual host.
 SSLEngine on
 
 # A self-signed (snakeoil) certificate can be created by installing
 # the ssl-cert package. See
 # /usr/share/doc/apache2/README.Debian.gz for more info.
 # If both key and certificate are stored in the same file, only the
 # SSLCertificateFile directive is needed.
 SSLCertificateFile /etc/apache2/cert/public.pem
 SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/apache2/cert/xxxxxxx.key
 
 # Server Certificate Chain:
 # Point SSLCertificateChainFile at a file containing the
 # concatenation of PEM encoded CA certificates which form the
 # certificate chain for the server certificate. Alternatively
 # the referenced file can be the same as SSLCertificateFile
 # when the CA certificates are directly appended to the server
 # certificate for convinience.
 SSLCertificateChainFile /etc/apache2/cert/chain.pem
 
 # Certificate Authority (CA):
 # Set the CA certificate verification path where to find CA
 # certificates for client authentication or alternatively one
 # huge file containing all of them (file must be PEM encoded)
 # Note: Inside SSLCACertificatePath you need hash symlinks
 # to point to the certificate files. Use the provided
 # Makefile to update the hash symlinks after changes.
 #SSLCACertificatePath /etc/ssl/certs/
 #SSLCACertificateFile /etc/apache2/ssl.crt/ca-bundle.crt
 
 # Certificate Revocation Lists (CRL):
 # Set the CA revocation path where to find CA CRLs for client
 # authentication or alternatively one huge file containing all
 # of them (file must be PEM encoded)
 # Note: Inside SSLCARevocationPath you need hash symlinks
 # to point to the certificate files. Use the provided
 # Makefile to update the hash symlinks after changes.
 #SSLCARevocationPath /etc/apache2/ssl.crl/
 #SSLCARevocationFile /etc/apache2/ssl.crl/ca-bundle.crl
 
 # Client Authentication (Type):
 # Client certificate verification type and depth. Types are
 # none, optional, require and optional_no_ca. Depth is a
 # number which specifies how deeply to verify the certificate
 # issuer chain before deciding the certificate is not valid.
 #SSLVerifyClient require
 #SSLVerifyDepth 10
 
 # SSL Engine Options:
 # Set various options for the SSL engine.
 # o FakeBasicAuth:
 # Translate the client X.509 into a Basic Authorisation. This means that
 # the standard Auth/DBMAuth methods can be used for access control. The
 # user name is the `one line' version of the client's X.509 certificate.
 # Note that no password is obtained from the user. Every entry in the user
 # file needs this password: `xxj31ZMTZzkVA'.
 # o ExportCertData:
 # This exports two additional environment variables: SSL_CLIENT_CERT and
 # SSL_SERVER_CERT. These contain the PEM-encoded certificates of the
 # server (always existing) and the client (only existing when client
 # authentication is used). This can be used to import the certificates
 # into CGI scripts.
 # o StdEnvVars:
 # This exports the standard SSL/TLS related `SSL_*' environment variables.
 # Per default this exportation is switched off for performance reasons,
 # because the extraction step is an expensive operation and is usually
 # useless for serving static content. So one usually enables the
 # exportation for CGI and SSI requests only.
 # o OptRenegotiate:
 # This enables optimized SSL connection renegotiation handling when SSL
 # directives are used in per-directory context.
 #SSLOptions +FakeBasicAuth +ExportCertData +StrictRequire
 <FilesMatch "\.(cgi|shtml|phtml|php)$">
 SSLOptions +StdEnvVars
 </FilesMatch>
 <Directory /usr/lib/cgi-bin>
 SSLOptions +StdEnvVars
 </Directory>
 
 # SSL Protocol Adjustments:
 # The safe and default but still SSL/TLS standard compliant shutdown
 # approach is that mod_ssl sends the close notify alert but doesn't wait for
 # the close notify alert from client. When you need a different shutdown
 # approach you can use one of the following variables:
 # o ssl-unclean-shutdown:
 # This forces an unclean shutdown when the connection is closed, i.e. no
 # SSL close notify alert is send or allowed to received. This violates
 # the SSL/TLS standard but is needed for some brain-dead browsers. Use
 # this when you receive I/O errors because of the standard approach where
 # mod_ssl sends the close notify alert.
 # o ssl-accurate-shutdown:
 # This forces an accurate shutdown when the connection is closed, i.e. a
 # SSL close notify alert is send and mod_ssl waits for the close notify
 # alert of the client. This is 100% SSL/TLS standard compliant, but in
 # practice often causes hanging connections with brain-dead browsers. Use
 # this only for browsers where you know that their SSL implementation
 # works correctly.
 # Notice: Most problems of broken clients are also related to the HTTP
 # keep-alive facility, so you usually additionally want to disable
 # keep-alive for those clients, too. Use variable "nokeepalive" for this.
 # Similarly, one has to force some clients to use HTTP/1.0 to workaround
 # their broken HTTP/1.1 implementation. Use variables "downgrade-1.0" and
 # "force-response-1.0" for this.
 # BrowserMatch "MSIE [2-6]" \
 # nokeepalive ssl-unclean-shutdown \
 # downgrade-1.0 force-response-1.0
 
 </VirtualHost>
</IfModule>
 
# vim: syntax=apache ts=4 sw=4 sts=4 sr noet

See? This is a split of aliyun tutorial configuration items into two configuration files.

Then use https on the browser to access, success. (linux can be tested using wget or curl)